The sedan Moskvich 402 1956 - 1958 year modification 1.2 MT (35 hp)

Moskvich 402: A Classic Soviet Sedan

The Moskvich 402, produced between 1956 and 1958, is a classic example of Soviet automotive engineering. As a compact sedan, it was designed to meet the needs of the average citizen, offering practicality and reliability. With its modest 1.2-liter petrol engine and rear-wheel drive, the Moskvich 402 was a symbol of post-war industrial progress in Russia. This article delves into the key features, performance, and historical significance of this iconic vehicle.

Design and Features

The Moskvich 402 boasts a timeless design, characterized by its four-door sedan body type and compact dimensions. Measuring 4055 mm in length, 1540 mm in width, and 1560 mm in height, it was well-suited for urban environments. The car's independent front suspension and dependent rear leaf spring suspension provided a balance between comfort and durability. Additionally, its 200 mm ground clearance made it capable of handling rough roads, a common feature of the era.

Inside, the Moskvich 402 offered basic yet functional amenities. With a curb weight of 900 kg and a gross weight of 1280 kg, it was lightweight and efficient. The 31-liter fuel tank capacity ensured decent range, while the drum brakes on both front and rear wheels provided adequate stopping power for its time.

Performance and Engine

Under the hood, the Moskvich 402 featured a 1.2-liter, four-cylinder petrol engine with a carburetor fuel system. Producing 35 horsepower at 4200 rpm and 71 Nm of torque at 2400 rpm, it was not a powerhouse but delivered sufficient performance for everyday driving. The three-speed manual transmission and rear-wheel drive configuration made it easy to handle, though its top speed of 105 km/h reflected its modest capabilities.

Fuel efficiency was a strong point, with combined consumption of 8 liters per 100 km. This made the Moskvich 402 an economical choice for its time, especially given the limited availability of fuel in post-war Russia. The engine's simplicity and reliability were key selling points, ensuring that the car could withstand the demands of daily use.

Historical Context

The Moskvich 402 was introduced during a period of rapid industrialization in the Soviet Union. It was designed to provide affordable transportation for the masses, reflecting the socialist ideals of the era. Despite its limited production run, the car became a symbol of national pride and technological progress. Its straightforward design and mechanical simplicity made it easy to maintain, which was crucial in a time when resources were scarce.

Pros and Cons

Like any vehicle, the Moskvich 402 had its strengths and weaknesses. On the positive side, it was affordable, fuel-efficient, and easy to maintain. Its robust suspension and high ground clearance made it suitable for challenging road conditions. However, its modest engine power and basic features may not appeal to those seeking a more luxurious or high-performance vehicle.

• Pros: Affordable, fuel-efficient, durable, easy to maintain, iconic design.
• Cons: Limited power, basic amenities, modest top speed.

Conclusion

The Moskvich 402 is a testament to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Soviet automotive engineering. While it may not compete with modern vehicles in terms of performance or comfort, its historical significance and practical design make it a cherished classic. For collectors and enthusiasts of vintage cars, the Moskvich 402 offers a unique glimpse into a bygone era of automotive history.